<HTML><BODY style="word-wrap: break-word; -khtml-nbsp-mode: space; -khtml-line-break: after-white-space; "><DIV style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#1C1CFF" face="Helvetica" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><B> DIALOG and DISCCRS News</B></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Helvetica"><B>07/08/2005</B></FONT></DIV><DIV style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#1C1CFF"><B><I>************************************</I></B></FONT></DIV><DIV style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><B>TABLE OF CONTENTS</B></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#1C1CFF" face="Arial" size="3" style="font-size: 11px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 10px; "><B>RESOURCES</B></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; "><B>New Website Available; Danish Environmental Protection Agency Danish Polar Center</B></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; "> <A href="http://www.dpc.dk/acia"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#0000F0">http://www.dpc.dk/acia</FONT></A></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; "><B>Oceans And Human Health Funding Pre-Announcement Released</B></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; "> <A href="http://www.cop.noaa.gov/opportunities/ann_ohh.html"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#0000F0">http://www.cop.noaa.gov/opportunities/ann_ohh.html</FONT></A> </DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; font-size: 11px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#1C1CFF" face="Arial" size="3" style="font-size: 11px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 10px; "><B>SCIENCE NEWS</B></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; "><B>Study in Royal Society Journal on Holly as an Indicator of Climate Change</B></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; "> <A href="http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2005-06/rs-sir062705.php"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#0000F0">http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2005-06/rs-sir062705.php</FONT></A></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; "><B>Bush Says He Won't Change Position on Global Warming</B></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; "> <A href="http://tinyurl.com/a5grz"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#0000F0">http://tinyurl.com/a5grz</FONT></A></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; "><B>Clue To Sudden Climate Change Found in Arctic</B></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; "><B>British Scientists Say Carbon Dioxide Is Turning The Oceans Acidic</B></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; "> <A href="http://tinyurl.com/8upyk"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#0000F0">http://tinyurl.com/8upyk</FONT></A></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; "><B>Warmer Air May Cause Increased Antarctic Sea Ice Cover </B></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; "><B>Can Technology Stop Climate Change?</B></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times New Roman"> </FONT><A href="http://tinyurl.com/a9okd"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times New Roman"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#0000F0">http://tinyurl.com/a9okd</FONT></FONT></A></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; "><B>NASA Satellites Measure And Monitor Sea Level</B></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; "> <A href="http://www.nasa.gov/vision/earth/environment/sealevel_scienceupdate.html"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#0000F0">http://www.nasa.gov/vision/earth/environment/sealevel_scienceupdate.html</FONT></A></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; "><B>Invasive Parasite Destroying Fish Species in Europe</B></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; "> <A href="http://oregonstate.edu/dept/ncs/newsarch/2005/Jun05/parasite.htm"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#0000F0">http://oregonstate.edu/dept/ncs/newsarch/2005/Jun05/parasite.htm</FONT></A></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; "><B>Bright Lights Lure Prey in Deep Sea</B></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; "> <A href="http://tinyurl.com/dcc43"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#0000F0">http://tinyurl.com/dcc43</FONT></A></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Times New Roman; min-height: 15px; font-size: 11px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#1C1CFF" face="Arial" size="3" style="font-size: 11px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 10px; "><B>FORUM</B></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; "><B>How Attractive Are Forest Carbon Sinks?</B></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; "> <A href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#000DF3">http://www.sciencedirect.com</FONT></A>:</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; font-size: 11px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#1C1CFF" face="Arial" size="3" style="font-size: 11px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 10px; "><B>JOBS</B></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; "><B>CIRES Postdoctoral Research Associate</B></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Times; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#1C1CFF" size="2"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 10px;"><B>***************************************************</B></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#1C1CFF" face="Helvetica"><B><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></B></FONT></DIV><DIV style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#1C1CFF" face="Helvetica"><B>Resources</B></FONT></DIV><DIV style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#1C1CFF" face="Helvetica"><B></B></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><B>New Website Available; Danish Environmental Protection Agency Danish Polar Center</B></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> The website is available at: <A href="http://www.dpc.dk/acia"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#0000F0">http://www.dpc.dk/acia</FONT></A></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> Climate change in the Arctic may happen faster and more dramatically than any other place on Earth. The consequences for vegetation, animals, and people all over the globe will be heavy. This is the topic for a new website, which the Danish Polar Center has produced for the Danish Environmental Protection Agency. The site's target audience is high-school students, but also people with a general interest in arctic society and science.</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> This first version of the website contains primarily a library with links and references. A new version will be launched in late summer 2005 containing themes and cases. The themes and cases will offer a wide range of information about melting of glaciers and sea-ice, sea-level rise, weakened ocean currents, and the possible extinction of polar bears and seals, as well as the future of the indigenous communities, new opportunities for agriculture, new shipping routes, and easier access to the natural resources in the Arctic.</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> The website is part of the follow-up on the report "Impacts of a Warming Arctic - Arctic Climate Impact Assessment" (ACIA) from November 2004. The site is in Danish, English, and Greenlandish and will be updated regularly. The site has been produced with funds from the Danish Ministry of Environment's programme Environmental Assistance to the Arctic in cooperation with the Danish Polar Center.</DIV><DIV style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">********************</DIV><DIV style="text-align: auto;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><B>Oceans And Human Health Funding Pre-Announcement Released</B></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> This funding opportunity is intended to engage the non-federal research community in conducting research – across the physical, chemical, biological, medical, public health, oceanographic and social sciences – on priority issues for NOAA’s new Oceans and Human Health Initiative (OHHI). For more information, visit <A href="http://www.cop.noaa.gov/opportunities/ann_ohh.html"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#0000F0">http://www.cop.noaa.gov/opportunities/ann_ohh.html</FONT></A> </DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Times; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#1C1CFF" size="2"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 10px;"><B>*************************************************** </B></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#1C1CFF" face="Helvetica"><B>Science News</B></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><B>Study in Royal Society Journal On Holly as an Indicator of Climate Change</B></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> Submitted by G.-R. Walther</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> An ecological "footprint" of climate change by Dr. G.-R. Walther, Dipl.-Biol. S. Berger and Prof. MT. Sykes (rspb.2005.3119)<BR> A field survey in southern Scandinavia and north-eastern Germany revealed new occurrences of holly, the only evergreen broad-leaved lower tree species native to central and western Europe, beyond its former northern range margin. This range expansion is in concert with the gradual increase in winter temperature measured at local stations. The synchrony of measured and modelled increases in winter temperatures and observed shifts in species' distribution suggests that climate change is the responsible driver, and makes this species a good (bio-)indicator for global warming.<BR> Contact: Dr. G.-R. Walther, Institute of Geobotany, University of Hannover, Nienburger Str 17, HANNOVER, D-30167, Germany <A href="http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2005-06/rs-sir062705.php"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#0000F0">http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2005-06/rs-sir062705.php</FONT></A></DIV><DIV style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><B>********************</B></DIV><DIV style="text-align: auto;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><B>Bush Says He Won't Change Position On Global Warming</B></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> From Seattle Times via Sigma Xi Science in the News</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> LONDON — As world leaders prepared for a major summit, President Bush said yesterday that he would not substantially change his stance on global warming to reward British Prime Minister Tony Blair for his support of the war in Iraq.</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> "I really don't view our relationship as one of quid pro quo," Bush said. "Tony Blair made decisions on what he thought was best for keeping the peace and winning the war on terror, as I did."</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> Reiterating his opposition to the Kyoto Protocol that mandates targets for cutting greenhouse-gas emissions, Bush told Britain's ITV1 television that he would reject any measures that "look like Kyoto." Although the U.S. is the world's largest emitter of carbon dioxide, Bush has rejected the treaty because its provisions, he said, would "wreck the U.S. economy." <A href="http://tinyurl.com/a5grz"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#0000F0">http://tinyurl.com/a5grz</FONT></A></DIV><DIV style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><B>********************</B></DIV><DIV style="text-align: auto;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><B>Clue To Sudden Climate Change Found In Arctic</B></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> Toronto ON (SPX) Jun 29, 2005</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> The sudden deep freeze of the northern hemisphere that occurred 13,000 years ago has been traced to events originating in northern Canada, according to University of Toronto research. The findings could shed light on the future of climate change due to greenhouse gases.</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> The study, published in the June 2 issue of Nature, pinpoints the exact location where freshwater generated by the melting of the massive Canada-wide Laurentide ice sheet entered the global ocean and caused the Younger Dryas cold reversal, a frigid period where the planet temporarily plunged into ice age conditions.</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> Contrary to previous thinking, the study shows that this meltwater entered the Arctic Ocean rather than the Atlantic and the point of entry was through the MacKenzie River.</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> As the freshwater - lighter due to its lack of salt content - flowed into the ocean it was</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">transported across the pole into the North Atlantic where it shut down the process hereby heavy surface water sinks into the abyss and leads to a warming of the northern hemisphere.</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> While the Younger Dryas cold reversal occurred just as the Earth was emerging from the most recent ice age, a rapid meltback of the Greenland ice sheet - another large accumulation of land ice adjacent to the North Atlantic Ocean - could theoretically contribute to another such shutdown.</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> "Greenland contains enough ice to raise sea level by about seven metres if it were all to melt," says the study's co-author University Professor Richard Peltier of U of T's Department of Physics.</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> "If it were to melt very quickly we could easily have a similar event, so the question is just how Greenland will react to the ongoing warming due to the increasing concentration of atmospheric greenhouses gases. How probable this is remains an open question."</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> To pinpoint the location of where the Younger Dryas event occurred, Peltier and his co-author, physic's research associate Lev Tarasov, used the University of Toronto Glacial Systems Model (GSM) - a model that produces a three-dimensional view of the evolving ice-sheet as it expands and contracts over the North American continent in response to climate variations.</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> The model also analyses how the shape of the Earth is affected by the evolution of the heavy ice loads. As the continental ice melted, a huge amount of deglaciation derived freshwater was added to the oceans. At the time of Younger Dryas onset the routing of this meltwater was into the Arctic Ocean.</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> "In considering the issue of climate change, many people imagine that this could only happen very gradually," says Peltier. "This event shows that our climate could change extremely rapidly and with very dramatic effect."</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> Peltier stresses that climate changes, such as a massive Greenland melt, are very difficult to predict as Earth's climate system is highly non-linear, involving the interactions between a number of distinct and individually complex components such as sea ice and land surface processes as well as the atmosphere and oceans.</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> "These systems are capable of responding in a way that is out of proportion to the stimulus," he says. "You can push them just a little bit and cause them to cross a threshold, such that the response is extremely surprising. From a physics standpoint, the climate system of the planet is a beautiful example of such non-linear systems."</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> The research was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and by the Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Science through a new collaborative research network called Polar Climate Stability which is led by Peltier. The network involves researchers from seven different Canadian universities.</DIV><DIV style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">********************</DIV><DIV style="text-align: auto;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><B>British Scientists Say Carbon Dioxide Is Turning The Oceans Acidic</B></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">from The New York Times (Registration Required)</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> Whether or not it contributes to global warming, carbon dioxide is turning the oceans acidic, Britain's leading scientific organization warned yesterday.</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> In a report by a panel of scientists, the organization, the Royal Society, said the growing acidity would be very likely to harm coral reefs and other marine life by the end of the century.</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> "I think there are very serious issues to be addressed," the panel's chairman, Dr. John Raven of the University of Dundee in Scotland, said in an interview. "It will affect all organisms that have skeletons, shells, hard bits that are made of calcium carbonate." <A href="http://tinyurl.com/8upyk"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#0000F0">http://tinyurl.com/8upyk</FONT></A></DIV><DIV style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">********************</DIV><DIV style="text-align: auto;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><B>Warmer Air May Cause Increased Antarctic Sea Ice Cover </B></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">AGU/NASA joint press release</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> WASHINGTON - Predicted increases in precipitation due to warmer air temperatures from greenhouse gas emissions may actually increase sea ice volume in the Antarctic's Southern Ocean. This finding from a new study adds evidence of potential asymmetry between the two poles and may be an indication that climate change processes may have varying impacts on different areas of the globe.</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> “Most people have heard of climate change and how rising air temperatures are melting glaciers and sea ice in the Arctic," said Dylan C. Powell, lead author of the paper and a doctoral candidate at the University of Maryland Baltimore County. "However, findings from our simulations suggest a counterintuitive phenomenon. Some of the melt in the Arctic may be balanced by increases in sea ice volume in the Antarctic."</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> For the first time, the authors of the paper, published this month in the Journal of Geophysical Research (Oceans), used satellite observations from NASA's Special Sensor Microwave/Imager to assess snow depth on sea ice and assimilated the satellite observations into their model to improve prediction of precipitation rates. By incorporating satellite observations into this new method, the researchers say they achieved more stable and realistic precipitation data, to counter the great variability in precipitation data sets typically found in the polar regions.</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> "On any given day, sea ice cover in the oceans of the polar regions is about the size of the U.S.," said Thorsten Markus, a co-author of the paper and a research scientist at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. "Far-flung locations like the Arctic and Antarctic actually impact our temperature and climate where we live and work on a daily basis."</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> According to Markus, the deep and bottom water masses of the oceans make contact with the atmosphere only at high latitudes, near the poles. Polar processes, such as sea ice formation, are driving a huge, global, ocean heat pump, called thermohaline (or saline) circulation. To a large extent, this heat pump impacts the climate at lower latitudes.</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> Typically, warming of the climate leads to increased melting rates of sea ice cover and also increased precipitation rates. With increased precipitation rates and consequently deeper snow, the snow load on the Antarctic sea ice becomes heavy enough that it suppresses the ice below sea level. This results in even more and even thicker sea ice when the snow refreezes as more ice.</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> The paper indicates that some climate processes appear to actually be counterintuitive. "We used computer-generated simulations to get this research result. I hope that in the future we'll be able to verify this result with real data through a long-term ice thickness measurement campaign," said Powell. "Our goal as scientists is to collect hard data to verify what the model is telling us. It will be critical to know for certain whether average sea ice thickness is indeed increasing in the Antarctic as our model indicates, and to determine what environmental factors are spurring this apparent phenomenon."</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> Achim Stoessel of Texas A&M University, the third co-author on this paper, advises that "while numerical models have improved considerably over the last two decades, seemingly minor processes like the snow-to-ice conversion still need to be better incorporated in models as they can have a significant impact on the results and therefore on climate predictions."</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> Citation: Powell, D. C., T. Markus, and A. Stoessel, Effects of snow depth forcing on Southern Ocean sea ice simulations, J. Geophys. Res., 110, C06001, doi:10.1029/2003JC002212.</DIV><DIV style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">********************</DIV><DIV style="text-align: auto;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><B>Can Technology Stop Climate Change?</B></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">from The Guardian (UK) via sigma xi in the news</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> No Kyoto-like deal, insisted George Bush before heading to Gleneagles and the G8 summit. Instead, he declared, new technologies would suffice to save the environment. But what sort of technology does he have in mind?</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> Worryingly, says Trevor Davies, head of the carbon reduction programme at the University of East Anglia, some of the projects favoured by the Bush administration are highly speculative, with potential applications many decades away.</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> There are plans to change the reflectivity of the Earth, by placing giant reflective shields in orbit, or injecting shiny particles into the atmosphere. The latter option, Davies says, is particularly concerning to climate scientists. While it might reflect energy from the sun back into space, it is difficult to predict what effect it would have on the atmosphere and global climate. <A href="http://tinyurl.com/a9okd"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#0000F0">http://tinyurl.com/a9okd</FONT></A></DIV><DIV style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">********************</DIV><DIV style="text-align: auto;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><B>NASA Satellites Measure And Monitor Sea Level</B></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">NASA RELEASE: 05-175</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> For the first time, NASA has the tools and expertise to understand the rate at which sea level is changing, some of the mechanisms that drive those changes and the effects that sea level change may have worldwide.</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> "It's estimated that more than 100 million lives are potentially impacted by a one-meter increase in sea level," said Dr. Waleed Abdalati, head of the Cryospheric Sciences Branch at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. "When you consider this information, the importance of learning how and why these changes are occurring becomes clear," he added.</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> Although scientists have directly measured sea level since the early part of the 20th century, it was not known how many of the observed changes in sea level were real and how many were related to upward or downward movement of the land. Now satellites have changed that by providing a reference by which changes in ocean height can be determined regardless of what the nearby land is doing. With new satellite measurements, scientists are able to better predict the rate at which sea level is rising and the cause of that rise.</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> "In the last fifty years sea level has risen at an estimated rate of .07 of an inch per year, but in the last 12 years that rate appears to be .12 of an inch per year. Roughly half of that is attributed to the expansion of ocean water as it has increased in temperature, with the rest coming from other sources," said Dr. Steve Nerem, Associate Professor, Colorado Center for Astrodynamics Research, University of Colorado, Boulder.</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> Another source of sea level rise is the increase in ice melting. Evidence shows that sea levels rise and fall as ice on land grows and shrinks. With the new measurements now available, it's possible to determine the rate at which ice is growing and shrinking.</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> "We've found the largest likely factor for sea level rise is changes in the amount of ice that covers the earth. Three-fourths of the planet's freshwater is stored in glaciers and ice sheets or the equivalent of about 220 feet of sea level," said Dr. Eric Rignot, Principal Scientist for the Radar Science and Engineering Section at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. "Ice cover is shrinking much faster than we thought, with over half of recent sea level rise due to the melting of ice from Greenland, West Antarctica's Amundsen Sea and mountain glaciers," he said.</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> Additionally, NASA scientists and partner researchers now are able to measure and monitor the world's waters globally in a sustained and comprehensive way using a combination of satellite observations and sensors in the ocean. By integrating the newly available satellite and surface data, scientists are better able to determine the causes and significance of current sea level changes.</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> "Now the challenge is to develop an even deeper understanding of what is responsible for sea level rise and to monitor for possible future changes. That's where NASA's satellites come in, with global coverage and ability to examine the many factors involved," said Dr. Laury Miller, Chief of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Laboratory for Satellite Altimetry, Washington.</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> NASA works with agency partners such as NOAA and the National Science Foundation to explore and understand sea level change. Critical resources that NASA brings to bear on this issue include such satellites as:</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> -- Ocean TOPography Experiment (TOPEX/Poseidon), which uses radar to map the precise features of the oceans' surface;</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> -- Jason, which measures ocean height and monitors ocean circulation;</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> -- Ice, Cloud and Land Elevation Satellite (ICESat), which studies the mass of polar ice sheets and their contributions to global sea level change;</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> -- Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE), which maps Earth's gravitational Field, allowing us to better understand movement of water throughout the Earth.</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> For more information about sea level change on the Internet, visit: <A href="http://www.nasa.gov/vision/earth/environment/sealevel_scienceupdate.html"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#0000F0">http://www.nasa.gov/vision/earth/environment/sealevel_scienceupdate.html</FONT></A></DIV><DIV style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">********************</DIV><DIV style="text-align: auto;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><B>Invasive Parasite Destroying Fish Species In Europe</B></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">exerpted from CORE weekly newsletter</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> Researchers have discovered that a parasite carried by an invasive species of minnow is responsible for the dramatic declines and localized extinctions of a different minnow species in Europe during the past 40 years.</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> This parasite, which scientists have found can almost totally destroy the spawning success of the small sunbleak minnow, Leucaspius delineatus, may pose threats to the diversity and stability of freshwater ecosystems, and is genetically very similar to a parasite that can be deadly to salmon, researchers say.</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> The findings were published last week in the journal Nature by researchers from Oregon State University, the Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science in England, Idaho State University, and the Centre for Ecology and Hydrology in England. For full story, visit <A href="http://oregonstate.edu/dept/ncs/newsarch/2005/Jun05/parasite.htm"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#0000F0">http://oregonstate.edu/dept/ncs/newsarch/2005/Jun05/parasite.htm</FONT></A>.</DIV><DIV style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">********************</DIV><DIV style="text-align: auto;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><B>Bright Lights Lure Prey In Deep Sea</B></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">from San Francisco Chronicle via sigma xi science in the news</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> Marine biologists exploring the deep sea off the coast of Monterey Bay have discovered a curious species of invertebrates that lures its prey by flashing brilliant red lights at the ends of its twitching tentacles.</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> The wormlike members of a marine tribe known as siphonophores are a striking example of evolution having endowed an organism with a feature even its closest relatives don't possess: a set of genes for "bioluminescent" light, which in an immature animal flashes blue but switches to deep red as it matures.</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> Distantly related to jellyfish and corals, the animals are a newfound species of an obscure genus called Erenna -- whose other luminous members use their light only to defend themselves against larger predators, not to hunt and kill prey on their own, according to Steven D. Haddock of the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute.</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><A href="http://tinyurl.com/dcc43">http://tinyurl.com/dcc43</A></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Times; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#1C1CFF" size="2"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 10px;"><B>***************************************************</B></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#1C1CFF" face="Helvetica"><B>Forum</B></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><B>How Attractive Are Forest Carbon Sinks?</B></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">Submitted by Roland Olschewski Goettingen University to climate list</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> I would like to draw your attention to a new article, which is in press in Journal of Forest Economics and available at <A href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#000DF3">http://www.sciencedirect.com</FONT></A>:</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> How attractive are forest carbon sinks? Economic insights into supply and demand of Certified Emission Reductions by R. Olschewski, P.C. Benítez, G.H.J. de Koning and T. Schlichter</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> Abstract</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> The Clean Development Mechanism includes afforestation projects as possible instruments to reduce global atmospheric CO2. These projects have also the potential to combat regional environmental problems like land degradation and desertification. The present article analyzes forestry projects in north-western Patagonia from an economic viewpoint based on the latest Kyoto Protocol developments. We consider temporary and long-term Certified Emission Reductions (CER) and determine the conditions on which forest plantations are attractive to potential CER suppliers and demanders. We conclude that for most of the recent carbon price projections, carbon sink projects would be economically viable for CER suppliers and at the same time attractive to CER demanders looking for cost-efficient emission abatement opportunities.</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> Kind regards</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> Roland Olschewski</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> Goettingen University</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> <A href="http://www.bio-sys.uni-goettingen.de/"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#0000F0">www.bio-sys.uni-goettingen.de</FONT></A></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Times; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#1C1CFF" size="2"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 10px;"><B>***************************************************</B></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#1C1CFF" face="Helvetica"><B>Jobs</B></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><B>CIRES Postdoctoral Research Associate</B></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> The Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) has an opening for a Postdoctoral Research Associate under an NSF-sponsored project called Science Policy Assessment and Research on Climate that is investigating climate science policy. The position will be located in the CIRES Center for Science and Technology Policy Research at the University of Colorado in Boulder. </DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> DUTIES</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> ·<SPAN class="Apple-converted-tab"> </SPAN>Engage in original research that will characterize the supply of, demand for or reconciliation of supply and demand of climate information.</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> ·<SPAN class="Apple-converted-tab"> </SPAN>Engage in original research on the relative sensitivity of anticipated climate impacts to various causal factors in a range of areas, possibly including, ecosystems, extreme events, water resources.</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> ·<SPAN class="Apple-converted-tab"> </SPAN>Collaborate with colleagues within CIRES on research</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> ·<SPAN class="Apple-converted-tab"> </SPAN>Collaborate with national and international partners</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> ·<SPAN class="Apple-converted-tab"> </SPAN>Publish research results in peer-reviewed fora</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> ·<SPAN class="Apple-converted-tab"> </SPAN>Assist and lead in the development of meetings and workshops in support of project objectives</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> ·<SPAN class="Apple-converted-tab"> </SPAN>Contribute to other, related Center projects in research, education and outreach</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">REQUIREMENTS</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> ·<SPAN class="Apple-converted-tab"> </SPAN>Recent Ph.D. in a related field.</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> ·<SPAN class="Apple-converted-tab"> </SPAN>Knowledge of climate science and climate policies.</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> ·<SPAN class="Apple-converted-tab"> </SPAN>Experience working on interdisciplinary projects.</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> ·<SPAN class="Apple-converted-tab"> </SPAN>Demonstrated ability to present and perform on a professional level through use of excellent written and verbal communication and interpersonal skills.</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> ·<SPAN class="Apple-converted-tab"> </SPAN>Demonstrated ability to work within a team of researchers.</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> ·<SPAN class="Apple-converted-tab"> </SPAN>Publication of articles in refereed journals and in the non-academic literature.</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> ·<SPAN class="Apple-converted-tab"> </SPAN>Presentation of papers at national or international scientific meetings.</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> ·<SPAN class="Apple-converted-tab"> </SPAN>International interests and experience</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> The position will be filled as a Research Associate in CIRES, University of Colorado at Boulder, and will be eligible for employee benefits, including 22 days of vacation per year. Screening will begin immediately and continue until the position is filled. Applicants should submit a letter of interest with Job Code, and complete resume and salary history. In addition, the applicant should furnish the names of three individuals familiar with the applicant's professional qualifications for the position to provide references.</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> To apply, e-mail (<A href="mailto:jobs@cires.colorado.edu"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#000DF3">jobs@cires.colorado.edu</FONT></A>), fax (303.492.1149), or mail information to:</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> CIRES Human Resources</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> Job Code PL-1</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> 216 UCB</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> Boulder, CO 80309-0216</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Times; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#1C1CFF" size="2"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 10px;"><B>**************************************************</B></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="1"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 9px;">This newsletter has been developed by C. Susan Weiler to distribute information of potential interest to recent PhDs engaged in interdisciplinary aquatic science or climate-change research, and to build an international sense of community among recent grads. It provides an international forum for the exchange of information and opinions regarding research, professional and social issues. The views and opinions expressed do not necessarily reflect those of the funding agencies or sponsoring societies. Dr. Weiler reserves the right to edit or reject material submitted to the list.</SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#1C1CFF" size="1"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 9px;"><B> Please submit announcements of interest to recent PhDs to </B></SPAN></FONT><A href="mailto:phd@whitman.edu"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="1"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 9px;"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#1A1AF9"><B>phd@whitman.edu</B></FONT></SPAN></FONT></A><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#1C1CFF" size="1"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 9px;"><B>. </B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="1"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 9px;"> Send a short message in the body of an e-mail message, and link to any appropriate websites. Do not send attachments.</SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="1"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 9px;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#1C1CFF" size="1"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 9px;"><B> <SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 10px; ">Moving?</SPAN></B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="1"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 9px;"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 10px; "> </SPAN>Send address changes to </SPAN></FONT><A href="mailto:dialog@whitman.edu"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="1"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 9px;"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#1A1AF9">dialog@whitman.edu</FONT></SPAN></FONT></A><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="1"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 9px;"> or </SPAN></FONT><A href="mailto:disccrs@whitman.edu"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="1"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 9px;"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#1A1AF9">disccrs@whitman.edu</FONT></SPAN></FONT></A></DIV><BR><DIV> <P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px"><FONT face="Arial" size="2" style="font: 10.0px Arial">**********</FONT></P> <P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px"><FONT face="Arial" size="2" style="font: 10.0px Arial">C. Susan Weiler, Ph.D. </FONT></P> <P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px"><FONT face="Arial" size="2" style="font: 10.0px Arial">Office for Earth System Studies Tel: 509-527-5948 </FONT></P> <P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px"><FONT face="Arial" size="2" style="font: 10.0px Arial">Whitman College <SPAN class="Apple-converted-space"> </SPAN>Fax: 509-527-5961</FONT></P> <P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px"><FONT face="Arial" size="2" style="font: 10.0px Arial">Walla Walla, WA 99362</FONT></P> <P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px"><FONT face="Arial" size="2" style="font: 10.0px Arial"><SPAN class="Apple-converted-space"> </SPAN><A href="mailto:weiler@whitman.edu">weiler@whitman.edu</A> </FONT></P> <P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px"><FONT face="Arial" size="2" style="font: 10.0px Arial"><SPAN class="Apple-converted-space"> </SPAN> Programs for Recent PhDs <A href="http://aslo.org/phd.html">http://aslo.org/phd.html</A></FONT></P> <P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px"><FONT face="Arial" size="2" style="font: 10.0px Arial"><SPAN class="Apple-converted-space"> </SPAN> DIALOG poster <A href="http://www.aslo.org/phd/dialogposter.pdf">http://www.aslo.org/phd/dialogposter.pdf</A></FONT></P> <P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px"><FONT face="Arial" size="2" style="font: 10.0px Arial"><SPAN class="Apple-converted-space"> </SPAN> DISCCRS poster <A href="http://www.aslo.org/phd/disccrsposter.pdf">http://www.aslo.org/phd/disccrsposter.pdf</A> </FONT></P> <P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px"><FONT face="Arial" size="2" style="font: 10.0px Arial"> Workshop Report, Meeting the Needs of </FONT></P><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px"><FONT face="Arial" size="2" style="font: 10.0px Arial"> Interdisciplinary Ph.D. Graduates in a </FONT></P><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px"><FONT face="Arial" size="2" style="font: 10.0px Arial"> Changing Global Environment</FONT></P> <P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px"><FONT face="Arial" size="2" style="font: 10.0px Arial"><A href="http://marcus.whitman.edu/~weilercs/biocomplexity/">http://marcus.whitman.edu/~weilercs/biocomplexity/</A> </FONT><FONT face="Helvetica" size="2" style="font: 10.0px Helvetica"> </FONT></P> </DIV><BR></BODY></HTML>